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Even with an annual Pap smear test and the new vaccination for young women, cervical cancer can’t be totally prevented. But there are some things you can do to reduce your risk of developing cancer of the cervix.
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Vaginal cancer is a relatively rare disorder, comprising about 2% to 3% of all gynecologic cancers. Approximately 2,400 women are diagnosed each year with vaginal cancer in the United States.
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The chance of getting ovarian cancer increases as a woman gets older. Ovarian cancer occurs in women over the age of 50 and the highest risk is in women over 60.
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Uterine cancer is the most common of all cancers in the female reproductive system. It can either form in the inner lining of the uterus or the outer layer of muscle tissue.
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Thought to be caused by a problem with the genetic information transmitted between an egg and sperm, molar pregnancy can develop during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Testimonials
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When Jan Holsclaw found out she had ovarian cancer, she was referred to Dr. Bigsby at Florida Hospital Cancer Institute for surgery and treatment. With reassuring words and...
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TV Personality Jan C. Garavaglia, M.D., (aka "Dr. G") is the chief medical examiner for the District Nine (Orange-Osceola) Medical Examiner's Office in Florida. When she... -
Bonnie has helped to raise millions of dollars for ovarian cancer research taking place at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Department of Defense (DOD), Centers for Disease...
Uterine Cancer Stages
“Staging” is a process doctors use to determine the nature of your tumor and how much the cancer has spread. When choosing a pathway of treatment, doctors use staging to determine the most effective option. If you have questions about your particular stage of uterine cancer, be sure to ask your doctor for additional information.
Stage 1 Uterine Cancer
The uterine cancer is still confined to the uterus itself and has not spread to other organs or tissues.
Stage 1A: This is the earliest form of Stage 1 and the cancer is only in the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus.
Stage 1B: The cancer has spread into the myometrium, the muscular wall of the uterus, but has grown less than halfway through it.
Stage 1C: The cancer has grown more than halfway through the myometrium, but hasn’t yet spread beyond the uterus itself.
Stage 2 Uterine Cancer
In addition to being present in the body of the uterus, the cancer has spread to the cervix. It has not, however spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
Stage 2A: The cancer is in the body of the uterus and the glands that form the inner lining of the cervix, which are known as endocervical glands.
Stage 2B: In addition to the body of the uterus, cancer has spread past the lining and into the supporting connective tissue of the cervix, which is called the cervical stroma.
Stage 3 Uterine Cancer
Cancer has spread to the outside of the uterus but not beyond the pelvic area.
Stage 3A: The cancer has not yet spread to the lymph nodes, but it has been detected in one of these areas: the outer surface of the uterus (the serosa), the fallopian tubes or ovaries (the adnexa) and/or there are cancer cells in the peritoneal fluid, which is the fluid that is in the inner lining of the pelvis and abdobmen.
Stage 3B: Cancer has spread into the vagina, but not the lymph nodes or any other regions.
Stage 3C: The lymph nodes near the uterus are now cancerous but other sites are not involved yet.
Stage 4 Uterine Cancer
In Stage 4 cancer has spread to the inner surface of the urinary bladder or the rectum (the lower part of the large intestine), to the lymph nodes of the groin and to distant organs, such as the lungs or bones.
Stage 4A: The inner lining of the rectum or the urinary bladder are now involved. The cancer may or may not have spread into the lymph nodes but has not yet spread beyond.
Stage 4B: The cancer is now in organs that are away from the uterus, such as the bones of lungs. The lymph nodes may or may not be involved and the cancer can be of any size.